Prosthesis system including bearing component

ABSTRACT

According to one example, a tibial bearing component for articulation with a medial condyle and a lateral condyle of a femoral component in a knee replacement procedure is disclosed. The tibial bearing component can include a distal surface and an articular surface opposing the distal surface. The articular surface can include a medial compartment and a lateral compartment configured for articulation with the medial condyle and the lateral condyle of the femoral component, respectively. The lateral compartment can have a lateral articular track with a lateral anterior-posterior extent. The lateral articular track can comprise a plurality of distal-most points along a proximal surface of the lateral compartment that are contacted by the lateral condyle during rollback of the femoral component. The medial compartment can differ in configuration from the lateral compartment and can have an anterior lip height of between about 9 mm and about 13 mm.

CLAIM OF PRIORITY

This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 62/221,461, filed on Sep. 21, 2015, and also claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 62/309,046, filed on Mar. 16, 2016, the benefit of priority of each of which is claimed hereby, and each of which are incorporated by reference herein in its entirety.

FIELD

The present subject matter relates to orthopedic procedures and, more particularly, to prostheses, systems and methods used in knee arthroplasties.

BACKGROUND

Orthopedic procedures and prostheses are commonly utilized to repair and/or replace damaged bone and tissue in the human body. For example, a knee arthroplasty can be used to restore natural knee function by repairing damaged or diseased articular surfaces of the femur and/or tibia. An incision is made into the knee joint to expose the bones comprising the joint. Cut guides are used to guide the removal of the articular surfaces that are to be replaced. Prostheses are used to replicate the articular surfaces. Knee prostheses can include a femoral component implanted on the distal end of the femur, which articulates with a tibial bearing component and a tibial component implanted on the proximal end of a tibia to replicate the function of a healthy natural knee. Various types of arthroplasties are known including a total knee arthroplasty, where all of the articulating compartments of the joint are repaired with prosthetic components.

OVERVIEW

This disclosure pertains generally to provisional tibial prostheses, systems, and methods. The present inventors have recognized, among other things that for knee prostheses, such as in a total knee arthroplasty, a medial condyle of the femoral component can experience less anterior-posterior translation relative to the lateral condyle during flexion of the knee joint. This can result in external rotation and a medial pivoting motion for the femoral component during femoral rollback. Considering these kinematics, the present inventors have designed tibial implants with medial and lateral compartments that can accommodate such motions of the femoral component in a more desirable fashion. Thus, the present inventors propose a medial compartment for the tibial bearing component that can be configured to provide a high degree of conformity and constraint with the medial condyle of the femoral component, and a lateral compartment of the tibial bearing component that can be shaped to facilitate external rollback of the lateral condyle of the femoral component in deep flexion.

Medial Stability

In view of the above, the present inventors have designed a family of tibial bearing components that can have at least eleven different stock sizes so as to achieve more compatible combinations when used with a family of tibia components that can have at least nine different stock sizes and a family of femoral components that can have at least twelve different stock sizes. Due to the number of components and the designed compatibility between various sizes in the respective families, twenty four combinations of the at least eleven different stock sizes of the family of tibial bearing components can be compatible for operable use with the at least twelve different stock sizes of the family of femoral components. More particularly, because of the designed compatibility between so many different sizes of femoral components and tibial bearing components, in a worst case scenario a conformity between the femoral component and the tibial bearing component in extension can have at most a congruency ratio of 1.1:1, and over half (54%) of the conformities between the various sizes of tibial bearing component and the various sizes of femoral component can have a medial congruency ratio of 1:1.

The present inventors further recognize that by increasing the conformity between the medial condyle of the femoral component and the medial compartment of the tibial bearing component, greater medial stability of the medial condyle can be achieved with an increase in contact area. Thus, the inventors propose tibial bearing articular surface constructions that can facilitate greater conformity (and hence larger contact areas) and examples where compatible combinations of differently sized femoral and tibial bearing components from respective families of components can be combined to achieve more desirable larger contact areas. Such examples can achieve an arrangement where a minimum of 31% of an overall surface area of the medial compartment can be contacted with the femoral component in 0° flexion, and a minimum of 13% of the overall surface area of the medial compartment can be contacted with the femoral component in 45° flexion. According to further examples, an arrangement where an average of 54% of an overall surface area of the medial compartment can be contacted with the femoral component in 0° flexion and an average of 38% of the overall surface area of the medial compartment can be contacted with the femoral component in 45° flexion. The present inventors also propose an anterior lip height for the medial compartment of the tibial bearing component of between 9 mm and 13 mm (depending on the size of the tibial bearing components). This anterior lip height can provide for greater anterior subluxation resistance to provide greater constraint to the medial condyle of the femoral component.

Lateral Mobility

To facilitate greater mobility of the lateral condyle of the femoral component relative to the lateral compartment of the tibial bearing component, the present inventors propose that a sagittal geometry of the lateral compartment of the tibial bearing component can be configured to have two separate radii comprising an anterior radius and a posterior radius. The posterior radius when viewed in a transverse plane arcs about the dwell point (a point of inflection on the articular surface where the articular surface has a deepest distal extent) of the medial compartment to facilitate external rotation of the femoral component for deep flexion. Additionally, in some examples the dwell point of the lateral condyle can be positioned to further facilitate rollback of the lateral condyle of the femoral component for deep flexion. In particular, for the family of differently sized tibial bearing components with an anterior tibial slope of 0°, an anterior-posterior location of the lateral dwell point as a percentage of the total anterior-posterior extent of the tibial bearing component can be between about 65% and about 69% of the total anterior-posterior extent as measured from an anterior most point of the tibial bearing component to a posterior most point.

To further illustrate the apparatuses and systems disclosed herein, the following non-limiting examples are provided:

Example 1 is a tibial bearing component for articulation with a medial condyle and a lateral condyle of a femoral component in a knee replacement procedure, the tibial bearing component can include a distal surface and an articular surface opposing the distal surface. The articular surface can include a medial compartment and a lateral compartment configured for articulation with the medial condyle and the lateral condyle of the femoral component, respectively. The lateral compartment can have a lateral articular track with a lateral anterior-posterior extent, the lateral articular track can comprise a plurality of distal-most points along a proximal surface of the lateral compartment that are contacted by the lateral condyle during rollback of the femoral component. The medial compartment can differ in configuration from the lateral compartment and can have an anterior lip height of between about 9 mm and about 13 mm.

In Example 2, the subject matter of Example 1 can optionally include the lateral compartment can have an anterior portion and a posterior portion, the anterior portion can define the lateral articular track as a nominally straight line when projected onto a transverse plane of the tibial bearing component, the posterior portion can define the lateral articular track with a curved line toward the medial compartment when projected onto the transverse plane of the tibial bearing component.

In Example 3, the subject matter of Example 2 can optionally include wherein the lateral compartment can have a first sagittal radius in the anterior portion and can have a second sagittal radius in the posterior portion.

In Example 4, the subject matter of any one or more of Examples 1-3 can optionally include the medial compartment has a medial articular track with a medial anterior-posterior extent that differs from the lateral anterior-posterior extent. The medial articular track can comprise a plurality of distal-most points along a proximal surface of the medial compartment that are contacted by the medial femoral condyle during rollback of the femoral component. The medial compartment can define the medial articular track as a nominally straight line when projected onto the transverse plane of the bearing component and the medial articular track has a single sagittal radius.

In Example 5, the subject matter of Example 4 can optionally include the medial compartment can be configured to have a medial dwell point a distance between about 61% and about 66% of a total anterior-posterior extent of the tibial bearing component as measured from an anterior most point to a posterior most point of the tibial bearing component.

In Example 6, the subject matter of any one or more of Examples 1-4 can optionally include the lateral compartment can be configured to have a lateral dwell point a distance between about 65% and about 69% of a total anterior-posterior extent of the tibial bearing component as measured from an anterior most point to a posterior most point of the tibial bearing component.

In Example 7, the subject matter of any one or more of Examples 1-6 can optionally include the medial compartment can be configured relative to the medial condyle to have between about 31% and about 63% of an overall surface area thereof contacted by the medial condyle of the femoral component with the femoral component in 0° flexion.

In Example 8, the subject matter of any one or more of Examples 1-6 can optionally include the medial compartment can be configured to have between about a 1.1 congruence ratio and about a 1.1:1 congruence ratio with the medial condyle, the congruence ratio can comprise a ratio of the similarity between a sagittal radius of the medial compartment and a sagittal radius of the medial condyle.

Example 9 is a system for knee arthroplasty that can include a family of femoral components having at least twelve different stock sizes and a family of tibial bearing components having at least eleven different stock sizes. Each of the femoral components can include a medial condyle and a lateral condyle. Each of the tibial bearing components can include a distal surface and an articular surface opposing the distal surface. The articular surface can include a medial compartment and a lateral compartment configured for articulation with the medial condyle and the lateral condyle of the femoral component, respectively. The family of tibial bearing components can be configured such that twenty four combinations of the at least eleven different stock sizes of the family of tibial bearing components are compatible for operable use with the at least twelve different stock sizes of the family of femoral components and at least nine different stock sizes of a family of tibial components.

In Example 10, the subject matter of Example 9 can optionally include the family of femoral components and the family of tibial bearing components can be configured such that between about 31% and about 63% of an overall surface area of the medial compartment is contacted by the medial condyle of the femoral component with the femoral component in 0° flexion.

In Example 11, the subject matter of any one or more of Examples 9-10 can optionally include the medial compartment can be configured to have between about a 1.1 congruence ratio and about a 1.1:1 congruence ratio with the medial condyle, the congruence ratio can comprise a ratio of the similarity between a sagittal radius of the medial compartment and a sagittal radius of the medial condyle.

In Example 12, the subject matter of any one or more of Examples 9-11 can optionally include the medial compartment can be configured to have a medial dwell point a distance between about 61% and about 66% of a total anterior-posterior extent of the tibial bearing component as measured from an anterior most point to a posterior most point of the tibial bearing component.

In Example 13, the subject matter of any one or more of Examples 9-12 can optionally include ten of the at least twelve different stock sizes of the family of femoral components can be compatible for operable use with ten of the at least eleven different stock sizes of the family of tibial bearing components.

In Example 14, the subject matter of any one or more of Examples 9-13 can optionally include eight of the at least twelve different stock sizes of the family of femoral components can be compatible for operable use with six of the at least eleven different stock sizes of the family of tibial bearing components.

In Example 15, the subject matter of any one or more of Examples 9-14 can optionally include nine out of the at least eleven different stock sizes of the family of tibial bearing components can be compatible with no more than two of the at least twelve stock sizes of the family of femoral components, and no more than four of the at least twelve different stock sizes of the family of femoral components can be compatible for operable use with two of the at least eleven different stock sizes of the tibial bearing components.

In Example 16, the subject matter of any one or more of Examples 9-15 can optionally include the medial compartment can have an anterior lip height of between about 9 mm and about 13 mm.

In Example 17, the subject matter of any one or more of Examples 9-16 can optionally include the medial compartment has a medial articular track having a medial anterior-posterior extent that differs from a lateral anterior-posterior extent. The medial articular track can comprise a plurality of distal-most points along a proximal surface of the medial compartment that are contacted by the medial femoral condyle during rollback of the femoral component. The medial compartment can define the medial articular track as a nominally straight line when projected onto the transverse plane of the bearing component and the medial articular track has a single sagittal radius.

Example 18 is a tibial bearing component for articulation with a medial condyle and a lateral condyle of a femoral component in a knee replacement procedure, the tibial bearing component can include a distal surface and an articular surface opposing the distal surface. The articular surface can include a medial compartment and a lateral compartment configured for articulation with the medial condyle and the lateral condyle of the femoral component, respectively. The lateral compartment can be configured to have a lateral dwell point a distance between about 65% and about 69% of a total anterior-posterior extent of the tibial bearing component as measured from an anterior most point to a posterior most point of the tibial bearing component.

In Example 19, the subject matter of Example 18 can optionally include the medial compartment can differ in configuration from the lateral compartment and can have an anterior lip height of between about 9 mm and about 13 mm.

In Example 20, the subject matter of any one or more of Examples 18-19 can optionally include the lateral compartment has a lateral articular track with a lateral anterior-posterior extent. The lateral articular track can comprise a plurality of distal-most points along a proximal surface of the lateral compartment that are contacted by the lateral condyle during rollback of the femoral component. The lateral compartment can have an anterior portion and a posterior portion, the anterior portion can define the lateral articular track as a nominally straight line when projected onto a transverse plane of the tibial bearing component, the posterior portion can define the lateral articular track with a curved line toward the medial compartment when projected onto the transverse plane of the tibial bearing component.

In Example 21, the subject matter of Example 20 can optionally include wherein the lateral compartment can have a first sagittal radius in the anterior portion and can have a second sagittal radius in the posterior portion.

In Example 22, the apparatuses or method of any one or any combination of Examples 1-21 can optionally be configured such that all elements or options recited are available to use or select from.

These and other examples and features of the present apparatuses and systems will be set forth in part in the following Detailed Description. This Overview is intended to provide non-limiting examples of the present subject matter—it is not intended to provide an exclusive or exhaustive explanation. The Detailed Description below is included to provide further information about the present apparatuses and systems.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

In the drawings, which are not necessarily drawn to scale, like numerals can describe similar components in different views. Like numerals having different letter suffixes can represent different instances of similar components. The drawings illustrate generally, by way of example, but not by way of limitation, various examples discussed in the present document.

FIG. 1 shows a schematic view of a proximal end of a natural tibia, with normal medial and lateral condyle motion in accordance with an example of the present application.

FIG. 2 shows a femoral component assembled with a tibial bearing component in accordance with an example of the present application.

FIG. 2A shows a cross-section of the femoral component and the tibial bearing component of FIG. 2 in a coronal plane in accordance with an example of the present application.

FIG. 3 illustrates laxity envelopes and allowable anterior-posterior translation of the femoral component of FIGS. 2 and 2A relative to the tibial bearing component of FIGS. 2 and 2A in accordance with an example of the present application.

FIGS. 4A to 4D shows plots of the laxity envelopes of FIG. 3 relative to a prior art system in accordance with an example of the present application.

FIG. 5 is a plan view of a proximal surface of a tibial bearing component including features such as a medial compartment and a lateral compartment in accordance with an example of the present application.

FIG. 5A is a cross-sectional view in a coronal plane of the tibial bearing component of FIG. 5 in accordance with an example of the present application.

FIGS. 5B and 5C show a medial side of the tibial bearing component of FIG. 5 including the medial compartment in accordance with an example of the present application.

FIGS. 6 and 6A show a lateral side of the tibial bearing component of FIG. 5 in accordance with an example of the present application.

FIG. 7 shows a sizing chart for a family of tibial bearing components relative to a family of femoral components, tibial components and tibial bearing components in accordance with an example of the present application.

FIG. 8 is a plan view with contact areas between the femoral condyles and the tibial bearing component compartments shown at different degrees of flexion of the femoral component in accordance with an example of the present application.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The present application relates tibial prostheses, systems, and methods. The systems, for example, can include a tibial bearing component, and a femoral component.

FIG. 1 shows a schematic view of a proximal end 10 of a natural tibia 12 according to an example of the present application. The natural tibia 12 can include a lateral condyle 14 and a medial condyle 16.

The lateral condyle 14 can differ in shape and size relative to the medial condyle 16. FIG. 1 illustrates an amount of anterior-posterior translation of the lateral femoral condyle superimposed on the lateral condyle 14 and a medial femoral condyle superimposed on the medial condyle 16. Typically, the medial femoral condyle can experience relatively less anterior-posterior translation relative to the lateral femoral condyle during flexion of the knee joint. This can result in external rotation and a medial pivoting motion for the natural femur during femoral rollback. FIG. 1 provides an example where the medial femoral condyle undergoes about 1.5 mm of anterior-posterior translation relative to about 18 mm of anterior-posterior translation of the lateral femoral condyle from about −5° to about 120° degrees of flexion.

In a total knee arthroplasty (referred to simply as a “TKA”) both of the medial and lateral condyles of the femur can be resected. Similarly, the tibia can be resected to remove the medial articular surface and the lateral articular surface using a cutting apparatus. Other portions of the knee, e.g., the intercondylar eminence, ACL can also be removed. Depending on the type of TKA, features such as the PCL can be spared or can also be removed. Prostheses can be implanted on the femur and the tibia providing for the replaced articular surfaces. Although shown in reference to a TKA and corresponding implants, the techniques and methods described herein are also applicable to other knee arthroplasty procedures such as a partial knee arthroplasty (e.g., a unicompartmental knee arthroplasty).

FIGS. 2 and 2A show an assembly 100 of a femoral component 110 with a tibial bearing component 112 for a TKA according to one example. As shown in FIG. 2, the femoral component 110 can include articular surfaces 114 (only one is shown in FIG. 2) and proximal surfaces 116. As shown in FIG. 2A, the articular surfaces 114 can include a medial condyle 118 and a lateral condyle 120. The tibial bearing component 112 can include an articular surface 122 and a distal surface 124. The articular surface 122 can include a medial compartment 126 and a lateral compartment 128.

The femoral component 110 can comprise a femoral component that is compatible with the Zimmer Biomet Persona® knee system manufactured by Zimmer Biomet Holding, Inc. of Warsaw, Ind. The construction of the femoral component is variously described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 8,858,643, 9,072,607, 8,690,954, 8,764,838, 8,932,365 and United States Application Publication No. 2012/0323336, the disclosures of which are incorporated by reference in their entirety. Thus, the specific features of the femoral component 110 will not be described in great detail herein.

As shown in the example of FIGS. 2 and 2A, the tibial bearing component 112 is compatible with and configured for operable use with the femoral component 110. In particular, the articular surface 122 of the tibial bearing component 112 can be configured to receive the articular surfaces 114 of the femoral component 110 thereon and can be configured to allow for movement of the femoral component 110 relative thereto in a manner that simulates the kinematics of a natural knee (e.g., allow for rollback of the femoral component 110 in flexion including anterior-posterior translation).

The proximal surfaces 116 of the femoral component 110 can be configured to receive and couple to resected distal surfaces of the femur. As shown in FIG. 2A, the articular surfaces 114 can comprise the medial condyle 118 and the lateral condyle 120. The articular surface 122 can comprise the medial compartment 126 and the lateral compartment 128. As shown in FIG. 2A, the medial compartment 126 and the lateral compartment 128 can be configured for articulation with the medial condyle 118 and the lateral condyle 120 of the femoral component 110, respectively. The articular surface 122 can be arranged opposing the distal surface 124. The distal surface 124 can be shaped to interface with a proximal surface of a tibial tray (not shown) that can be affixed to a resected proximal surface of the tibia (not shown).

FIG. 3 shows a plan view of the articular surface 122 of the tibial bearing component 112 according to one example. Although the tibial bearing component 112 is shown having a cutout that allows a cruciate-retaining configuration in FIG. 3 and other FIGURES herein, the tibial bearing component 112 can have other designs including a posterior stabilized configuration and/or an ultra-congruent configuration according to other examples that are not intended for cruciate-retaining configuration.

Various aspects of the articular surface 122 discussed in further detail subsequently allow the tibial bearing component 112 to provide a desired stability to the medial condyle 118 (FIG. 2A) of the femoral component 110 (FIG. 2A) while additionally providing a desired mobility to the lateral condyle 120 (FIG. 2A) of the femoral component 110 (FIG. 2A). FIGS. 3 and 4 illustrate and are accompanied by discussion of the desired stable medial condyle and mobile lateral condyle in terms of laxity ranges. FIGS. 5 to 6A and 8 illustrate and are accompanied by discussion of various features of the configuration of the medial and lateral bearing compartments 126, 128 that can improve stabilization of the medial condyle and additionally can improve mobility of the lateral condyle during flexion. A sizing scheme is presented in FIG. 7 for sizing various of the tibial bearing components and femoral components of the respective families in a manner such that they can be used in combination to better achieve the desired stable medial condyle and mobile lateral condyle.

In FIG. 3, the medial compartment 126 and the lateral compartment 128 are illustrated having different average anterior-posterior laxity from 0° to 120° flexion as shown by circles 130L and 130M. As shown in the graphs of FIGS. 4A to 4D, the laxity can comprise a degree of change in the anterior-posterior position of the lateral condyle and the medial condyle plotted against degrees of flexion of the femoral component. Graphs 150 of FIG. 4A and 152 of FIG. 4B, are plots of the lateral condyle 118 and the medial condyle 120, respectively, for a cruciate retained configuration of the tibial bearing component 112 of FIG. 3. As exhibited by the graph 152 of FIG. 4B the medial condyle 118 (FIG. 2A) when used with the tibial component 112 can be relatively more stabilized (has a tighter laxity range as indicated by area 154 of FIG. 4B) when measured against a commercially available knee component design (as indicated by area 156 of FIG. 4B), a cruciate retained configuration of the Persona® knee system, manufactured by Zimmer Biomet Holdings, Inc., of Warsaw, Ind. Similarly, graph 150 of FIG. 4A shows the lateral condyle 120 (FIG. 2A) when used with the tibial bearing component 112 can have more have more mobility (has a larger laxity range as indicated by area 158 of FIG. 4A) when measured against the same commercially available Persona® knee system (as indicated by area 159 of FIG. 4A).

Graphs 160 of FIG. 4C and 162 of FIG. 4D are plots of the lateral condyle and the medial condyle, respectively, for a cruciate sacrificed configuration of the tibial bearing component as described herein. As exhibited by the graph 162 of FIG. 4D, the medial condyle of the femoral component can be relatively more stabilized (has a tighter laxity range as indicated by area 166 of FIG. 4D) when measured against a commercially available knee component design (as indicated by area 164 of FIG. 4D), a cruciate sacrificed configuration of the Persona® knee system, manufactured by Zimmer Biomet Holdings, Inc., of Warsaw, Ind. Similarly, graph 160 of FIG. 4C shows the lateral femoral condyle can have relatively more mobility (has a larger laxity range as indicated by area 168 of FIG. 4C) when measured against the same commercially available Persona® knee system (as indicated by area 170 of FIG. 4C).

FIGS. 5, 5A, 5B, and 5C are views of a tibial bearing component 212 according to an example of the present application. Tibial bearing component 212 can be substantially similar to tibial bearing component 112 previously described herein and adds further detail regarding aspects of the construction of the tibial bearing component. As shown in FIG. 5, the tibial bearing component 212 can include an articular surface 214, a periphery 216, a posterior cutout 218 and an anterior relief space 219. The articular surface 214 can include a medial compartment 220, a lateral compartment 222 and an intercondylar eminence 224.

As previously described, the articular surface 214 can be contacted by the condyles (not shown) of a femoral component when operably assembled in the knee. The condyles of the femoral component can contact the medial and lateral compartments 220, 222. More particularly, the medial compartment 220 and the lateral compartment 222 can be configured (e.g. are dish shaped) for articulation with the medial condyle and the lateral condyle of the femoral component, respectively (as shown in FIG. 2A). The articular surface 214 (sometimes referred to as the proximal surface herein) can be generally opposed by a distal surface 215 as shown in FIGS. 5A and 5C. The periphery 216 can comprise sidewalls connecting with the distal surface 215 and the articular surface 214. The medial compartment 220 can differ in configuration from the lateral compartment 222 as will be explained in further detail subsequently. For example, the medial compartment 220 can have a different size and shape relative to the lateral compartment 222. For example, the anterior-posterior curvature of the lateral compartment 222 can differ from that of the medial compartment 220. Similarly, as shown in FIG. 5C and FIG. 6A, a medial-lateral curvature of the lateral compartment 222 can differ from a medial-lateral curvature of the medial compartment 220.

As shown in the example of FIG. 5, the lateral compartment 222 can have a lateral articular track 226 having a lateral anterior-posterior extent LAP. The lateral articular track 226 can comprise a plurality of distal-most points along the proximal surface 214 of the lateral compartment 222 that are contacted by the lateral femoral condyle during rollback of the femoral component. Similarly, the medial compartment 220 can have a medial articular track 228 having a medial anterior-posterior extent MAP that differs from the lateral anterior-posterior extent LAP. The medial articular track 228 can comprise a plurality of distal-most points along the proximal surface 214 of the medial compartment 220 that are contacted by the medial femoral condyle during rollback of the femoral component.

As shown in FIGS. 5, 6 and 6A, in one example the lateral compartment 222 can have an anterior portion 230 and a posterior portion 232. The anterior portion 230 can define the lateral articular track 226 as a nominally straight line 231 when projected onto a transverse plane of the tibial bearing component 212. The posterior portion 232 can define the lateral articular track 226 as a curved line 233 toward the medial compartment 220 when projected onto the transverse plane of the tibial bearing component 212.

In contrast, the medial articular track 228 can define a nominally straight line 235 when projected onto the transverse plane of the tibial bearing component 212, and the medial articular track 228 defined by the medial compartment 220 can be comprised of a uniform single curve having only a single sagittal radius R as shown in FIG. 5C. The nominally straight line that can be defined by the medial articular track 228 can be substantially parallel to the nominally straight line defined by the anterior portion 230 of the lateral articular track 226 in some cases.

For convenience, the present discussion refers to points, tracks or lines of contact between tibial bearing component 212 and the femoral component along the articular tracks 226, 228. However, it is of course appreciated that each potential point or line of contact (i.e., any of the points along one of the articular tracks 226, 228) is not truly a point or line, but rather an area of contact as illustrated in FIG. 8. These areas of contact may be relatively larger or smaller depending on various factors, such as prosthesis materials, the amount of pressure applied at the interface between tibial bearing component 212 and femoral component, relative shapes of the tibial bearing component 212 relative to the femoral component, and the like. Moreover, it is appreciated that some of the factors affecting the size of the contact area may change dynamically during prosthesis use, such as the amount of applied pressure at the femoral/tibial interface during walking, climbing stairs or crouching, for example. For purposes of the present discussion, a contact point may be taken as the point at the geometric center of the area of contact. The geometric center, in turn, refers to the intersection of all straight lines that divide a given area into two parts of equal moment about each respective line. Stated another way, a geometric center may be said to be the average (i.e., arithmetic mean) of all points of the given area. Similarly, a line or track is the central line of contact passing through and bisecting an elongate area of contact.

Both the medial compartment 220 and the lateral compartment 222 can included dwell points 234 and 236. The dwell points 234 and 236 can comprise distal-most points along the medial articular track 228 and the lateral articular track 226, respectively. As shown in TABLES 1 below, the medial compartment 220 can be configured to have the medial dwell point 234 a distance between about 61% and about 66% of a total anterior-posterior extent T of the tibial bearing component 212 as measured from an anterior most point A of the tibial bearing component 212 to a posterior most point P of the tibial bearing component 212.

TABLE 1 With Anterior Slope % of A/P Dwell point to 0° Name overall Medial A/P MC 1-2/AB 61% 3-4/AB 61% 4-5/CD 64% 6-7/CD 62% 8-9/CD 61% 4-5/EF 66% 6-7/EF 64% 8-11/EF 63% 8-11/GH 66% 12/GH 65% 12/J 64%

TABLE 2 With Anterior Slope % of A/P Dwell point to 0° Name overall Lateral A/P MC 1-2/AB 69% 3-4/AB 68% 4-5/CD 69% 6-7/CD 67% 8-9/CD 65% 4-5/EF 69% 6-7/EF 68% 8-11/EF 66% 8-11/GH 67% 12/GH 67% 12/J 65%

As shown in TABLE 2, the lateral compartment 222 can be configured to have the lateral dwell point 236 a distance between about 65% and about 69% of the total anterior-posterior extent T of the tibial bearing component 212 as measured from the anterior most point A to the posterior most point P of the tibial bearing component 212.

As shown in FIG. 5, the posterior cutout 218 is sized and positioned to accommodate a posterior cruciate ligament upon implantation of tibial bearing component 212. The intercondylar eminence 224 can comprise an intercondylar ridge of the articular surface 214 that can be disposed between the medial and lateral compartments 220, 222. The intercondylar eminence 224 can extend generally anterior-posterior from the posterior cutout 218 to the anterior relief space 219. Thus, the intercondylar ridge defined by the intercondylar eminence 224 can be disposed between the medial and lateral dished medial and lateral compartments 220, 222 and occupies the available anterior-posterior space therebetween.

FIG. 5A shows a cross-section through the bearing component in a coronal plane and illustrates the medial-lateral radii R₁ and R₂ of each of the medial compartment 220 and the lateral compartment 222. These radii can be the same for the medial and lateral or differ according to various examples. FIG. 5A additionally illustrates the distal surface 215, the periphery 216, and the intercondylar eminence 224. As shown in FIG. 5A, the periphery 216 can be shaped to mate with corresponding features of a sidewall of a tibial tray (now shown) such as to create an interference fit.

FIGS. 5B and 5C show a medial side of the tibial bearing component 212 in further detail including the medial compartment 220. As shown in FIG. 5C, the tibial bearing component 212 can have an anterior lip height 240 of between about 9 mm and about 13 mm as measured from the dwell point 234 to a proximal most point of the medial compartment 220. FIG. 5C shows the medial compartment 220 in cross-section along a sagittal plane and shows the medial compartment 220 can have a single sagittal radius R_(SM).

FIGS. 6 and 6A show a lateral side of the tibial bearing component 212 in further detail including the lateral compartment 222 from a different perspective than those of FIGS. 5 to 5C. FIG. 6 shows the lateral compartment 222 can have an anterior portion 230 and a posterior portion 232. Recall from FIG. 5, the anterior portion 230 can define the lateral articular track 226 as a nominally straight line 231 when projected onto a transverse plane of the tibial bearing component 212. The posterior portion 232 can define the lateral articular track 226 as a curved line 233 toward the medial compartment 220 when projected onto the transverse plane of the tibial bearing component 212. FIG. 6A shows the lateral compartment 222 in cross-section and shows the lateral compartment 222 can have a first sagittal radius R_(SL1) in the anterior portion and a second sagittal radius R_(SL2) in the posterior portion with the transition between the first sagittal radius R_(SL1) and the second sagittal radius R_(SL2) indicated by the line P.

The tibial bearing components and the femoral components described herein can each be available as a family of tibial bearing components and a family of femoral components, respectively. The family of tibial bearing components can be of a same design class (e.g., be shaped to be cruciate regaining) and can have different stock sizes (e.g., from a small stature size A to a largest size J). Similarly, the family of femoral bearing components can be a same design class (e.g., be shaped to articulate with a cruciate retaining configured tibial bearing component) and can have different stock sizes (e.g., from a small stature size 1 to a largest size 12).

FIG. 7 shows a sizing chart for the family of tibial components 312 relative to the family of femoral components 314. More particularly, the sizing chart shows the family of femoral components 314 can have at least twelve different stock sizes 1 to 12. As previously discussed and illustrated, each femoral component can be of a same design class and can include a medial condyle and a lateral condyle. The family of tibial components 312 can have at least nine different stock sizes A to J. As shown in FIG. 7, the family of tibial bearing components 313 can be configured such that eleven stock sizes exist and that combinations of the at least nine different stock sizes of the family of tibial components are compatible for operable use (e.g. to facilitate a desired articulation similar to that of a natural knee) with the at least twelve different stock sizes of the family of femoral components 314. FIG. 7 also illustrates that nine out of the eleven different stock sizes of tibial bearing components are compatible with no more than two of the twelve stock sizes of femoral components. According to further examples, ten of the at least twelve different stock sizes of the family of femoral components 314 can be compatible for operable use with eight of the at least nine different stock sizes of the family of tibial bearing components 313. Additionally, eight of the at least twelve different stock sizes of the family of femoral components 314 can be compatible for operable use with six of the at least nine different stock sizes of the family of tibial bearing components 313. According to further examples, no more than four of the at least twelve different stock sizes of the family of femoral components can be compatible for operable use with two of the at least twelve different stock sizes of the tibial bearing components.

This overlapping sizing and the provision of many different compatible sizes can have benefits including providing for increased stability of the medial condyle of the femoral component. For example, by having a family of tibial bearing components that can include at least eleven different stock sizes and a family of femoral components that can include at least twelve different stock sizes with twenty four different possible operable combinations, in a worst case scenario a medial conformity between the femoral component and the tibial bearing component in extension can have a conformity ratio of 1.1:1, and over half (54%) of the operable combinations between the sizes of the family of tibial bearing components and the sizes of the family of femoral components can have a conformity ratio of 1:1. “Conformity,” (also referred to as “congruence” or “congruence ratio” in the context of knee prostheses, refers to the similarity of curvature between the convex femoral condyles and the correspondingly concave tibial articular compartments in the sagittal plane. Thus, the conformity ratio can comprise a ratio of the similarity between a sagittal radius of the medial tibial bearing compartment and a sagittal radius of the medial femoral condyle.

Furthermore, having overlapping sizing and the provision of many different compatible sizes (alone and/or in addition to shaping the compartments to better conform with the condyles using aspects previously discussed) can provide for an increased contact area between the medial condyle of the femoral component and the medial compartment of the tibial bearing component. As a result, the femoral component can have greater stability with respect to the medial condyle. Examples of such contact areas 402 (medial compartment contact area) and 404 (lateral compartment contact area) are illustrated in FIG. 8, which shows an articular surface 414 of a tibial bearing component 412 contacted at different flexion angles by a femoral component. TABLE 3 shows combinations of differently sized femoral and tibial bearing components from families of tibial bearing components and femoral components can achieve an arrangement where a minimum 31% of an overall surface area of the medial compartment can be contacted with the femoral component in 0° flexion and a minimum 13% of the overall surface area of the medial compartment can be contacted with the femoral component in 45° flexion.

TABLE 3 MC Femur 0° Flexion 45° Flexion Size Size Medial Lateral Medial 1-2/AB 2 NAR 51% 31% 58% 6-7/CD  7 STD 62% 36% 48% 8-9/CD  9 STD 63% 40% 14% 8-11/EF 11 STD 61% 36% 33% 8-11/GH  8 STD 31% 25% 13% 12/GH 12 STD 55% 32% 59% Min 31% 25% 13% Max 63% 40% 59% Average 54% 33% 38% According to the example shown in TABLE 3, combinations of differently sized femoral and tibial bearing components can be configured such that between about 31% and about 63% of an overall surface area of the medial compartment is contacted by the medial condyle of the femoral component with the femoral component in 0° flexion. Put another way, the medial compartment can be configured relative to the medial condyle to have between about 31% and about 63% of an overall surface area thereof contacted by the medial condyle of the femoral component with the femoral component in 0° flexion.

ADDITIONAL NOTES

The above detailed description includes references to the accompanying drawings, which form a part of the detailed description. The drawings show, by way of illustration, specific embodiments in which the invention can be practiced. These embodiments are also referred to herein as “examples.” Such examples can include elements in addition to those shown or described. However, the present inventors also contemplate examples in which only those elements shown or described are provided. Moreover, the present inventors also contemplate examples using any combination or permutation of those elements shown or described (or one or more aspects thereof), either with respect to a particular example (or one or more aspects thereof), or with respect to other examples (or one or more aspects thereof) shown or described herein.

In this document, the terms “a” or “an” are used, as is common in patent documents, to include one or more than one, independent of any other instances or usages of “at least one” or “one or more.” In this document, the term “or” is used to refer to a nonexclusive or, such that “A or B” includes “A but not B,” “B but not A,” and “A and B,” unless otherwise indicated. In this document, the terms “including” and “in which” are used as the plain-English equivalents of the respective terms “comprising” and “wherein.” Also, in the following claims, the terms “including” and “comprising” are open-ended, that is, a system, device, article, composition, formulation, or process that includes elements in addition to those listed after such a term in a claim are still deemed to fall within the scope of that claim. Moreover, in the following claims, the terms “first,” “second,” and “third,” etc. are used merely as labels, and are not intended to impose numerical requirements on their objects.

The above description is intended to be illustrative, and not restrictive. For example, the above-described examples (or one or more aspects thereof) can be used in combination with each other. Other examples can be used, such as by one of ordinary skill in the art upon reviewing the above description. The Abstract is provided to comply with 37 C.F.R. §1.72(b), to allow the reader to quickly ascertain the nature of the technical disclosure. It is submitted with the understanding that it will not be used to interpret or limit the scope or meaning of the claims. Also, in the above detailed description, various features can be grouped together to streamline the disclosure. This should not be interpreted as intending that an unclaimed disclosed feature is essential to any claim. Rather, inventive subject matter can lie in less than all features of a particular disclosed example. Thus, the following claims are hereby incorporated into the detailed description as examples or embodiments, with each claim standing on its own as a separate example, and it is contemplated that such examples can be combined with each other in various combinations or permutations. The scope of the invention should be determined with reference to the appended claims, along with the full scope of equivalents to which such claims are entitled. 

The claimed invention is:
 1. A tibial bearing component for articulation with a medial condyle and a lateral condyle of a femoral component in a knee replacement procedure, the tibial bearing component comprising: a distal surface; and an articular surface opposing the distal surface, the articular surface including a medial compartment and a lateral compartment configured for articulation with the medial condyle and the lateral condyle of the femoral component, respectively; the lateral compartment having a lateral articular track with a lateral anterior-posterior extent, the lateral articular track comprising a plurality of distal-most points along a proximal surface of the lateral compartment that are contacted by the lateral condyle during rollback of the femoral component; the medial compartment differing in configuration from the lateral compartment and having an anterior lip height of between about 9 mm and about 13 mm.
 2. The tibial bearing component of claim 1, wherein the lateral compartment has an anterior portion and a posterior portion, the anterior portion defines the lateral articular track as a nominally straight line when projected onto a transverse plane of the tibial bearing component, the posterior portion defines the lateral articular track with a curved line toward the medial compartment when projected onto the transverse plane of the tibial bearing component.
 3. The tibial bearing component of claim 2, wherein the lateral compartment has a first sagittal radius in the anterior portion and a second sagittal radius in the posterior portion.
 4. The tibial bearing component of claim 1, wherein the medial compartment has a medial articular track with a medial anterior-posterior extent that differs from the lateral anterior-posterior extent, the medial articular track comprising a plurality of distal-most points along a proximal surface of the medial compartment that are contacted by the medial femoral condyle during rollback of the femoral component, wherein the medial compartment defines the medial articular track as a nominally straight line when projected onto the transverse plane of the bearing component and the medial articular track has a single sagittal radius.
 5. The tibial bearing component of claim 4, wherein the medial compartment is configured to have a medial dwell point a distance between about 61% and about 66% of a total anterior-posterior extent of the tibial bearing component as measured from an anterior most point to a posterior most point of the tibial bearing component.
 6. The tibial bearing component of claim 1, wherein the lateral compartment is configured to have a lateral dwell point a distance between about 65% and about 69% of a total anterior-posterior extent of the tibial bearing component as measured from an anterior most point to a posterior most point of the tibial bearing component.
 7. The tibial bearing component of claim 1, wherein the medial compartment is configured relative to the medial condyle to have between about 31% and about 63% of an overall surface area thereof contacted by the medial condyle of the femoral component with the femoral component in 0° flexion.
 8. The tibial bearing component of claim 1, wherein the medial compartment is configured to have between about a 1:1 congruence ratio and about a 1.1:1 congruence ratio with the medial condyle, the congruence ratio comprising a ratio of the similarity between a sagittal radius of the medial compartment and a sagittal radius of the medial condyle.
 9. A system for knee arthroplasty comprising: a family of femoral components having at least twelve different stock sizes, each of the femoral components including a medial condyle and a lateral condyle; and a family of tibial bearing components having at least eleven different stock sizes, each of the tibial bearing components including: a distal surface; and an articular surface opposing the distal surface, the articular surface including a medial compartment and a lateral compartment configured for articulation with the medial condyle and the lateral condyle of the femoral component, respectively; the family of tibial bearing components are configured such that twenty four combinations of the at least eleven different stock sizes of the family of tibial bearing components are compatible for operable use with the at least twelve different stock sizes of the family of femoral components and at least nine different stock sizes of a family of tibial components.
 10. The system of claim 9, wherein the family of femoral components and the family of tibial bearing components are configured such that between about 31% and about 63% of an overall surface area of the medial compartment is contacted by the medial condyle of the femoral component with the femoral component in 0° flexion.
 11. The system of claim 9, wherein the medial compartment is configured to have between about a 1:1 congruence ratio and about a 1.1:1 congruence ratio with the medial condyle, the congruence ratio comprising a ratio of the similarity between a sagittal radius of the medial compartment and a sagittal radius of the medial condyle.
 12. The system of claim 9, wherein the medial compartment is configured to have a medial dwell point a distance between about 61% and about 66% of a total anterior-posterior extent of the tibial bearing component as measured from an anterior most point to a posterior most point of the tibial bearing component.
 13. The system of claim 9, wherein ten of the at least twelve different stock sizes of the family of femoral components are compatible for operable use with ten of the at least eleven different stock sizes of the family of tibial bearing components.
 14. The system of claim 9, wherein eight of the at least twelve different stock sizes of the family of femoral components are compatible for operable use with six of the at least eleven different stock sizes of the family of tibial bearing components.
 15. The system of claim 9, wherein nine out of the at least eleven different stock sizes of the family of tibial bearing components are compatible with no more than two of the at least twelve stock sizes of the family of femoral components, and no more than four of the at least twelve different stock sizes of the family of femoral components are compatible for operable use with two of the at least eleven different stock sizes of the tibial bearing components.
 16. The system of claim 9, wherein the medial compartment has an anterior lip height of between about 9 mm and about 13 mm.
 17. The system of claim 9, wherein the medial compartment has a medial articular track having a medial anterior-posterior extent that differs from a lateral anterior-posterior extent, the medial articular track comprising a plurality of distal-most points along a proximal surface of the medial compartment that are contacted by the medial femoral condyle during rollback of the femoral component, wherein the medial compartment defines the medial articular track as a nominally straight line when projected onto the transverse plane of the bearing component and the medial articular track has a single sagittal radius.
 18. A tibial bearing component for articulation with a medial condyle and a lateral condyle of a femoral component in a knee replacement procedure, the tibial bearing component comprising: a distal surface; and an articular surface opposing the distal surface, the articular surface including a medial compartment and a lateral compartment configured for articulation with the medial condyle and the lateral condyle of the femoral component, respectively; the lateral compartment configured to have a lateral dwell point a distance between about 65% and about 69% of a total anterior-posterior extent of the tibial bearing component as measured from an anterior most point to a posterior most point of the tibial bearing component.
 19. The tibial bearing component of claim 18, wherein the medial compartment differs in configuration from the lateral compartment and has an anterior lip height of between about 9 mm and about 13 mm.
 20. The tibial bearing component of claim 18, wherein the lateral compartment has a lateral articular track with a lateral anterior-posterior extent, the lateral articular track comprising a plurality of distal-most points along a proximal surface of the lateral compartment that are contacted by the lateral condyle during rollback of the femoral component, and wherein the lateral compartment has an anterior portion and a posterior portion, the anterior portion defines the lateral articular track as a nominally straight line when projected onto a transverse plane of the tibial bearing component, the posterior portion defines the lateral articular track with a curved line toward the medial compartment when projected onto the transverse plane of the tibial bearing component.
 21. The tibial bearing component of claim 20, wherein the lateral compartment has a first sagittal radius in the anterior portion and a second sagittal radius in the posterior portion. 